Mechanism of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells pdf




















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Activation of amylin gene transcription by LIM domain homeobox gene isl Independent requirement for ISL1 in formation of pancreatic mesenchyme and islet cells. Cell-specific and ubiquitous factors are responsible for the enhancer activity of the rat insulin II gene. The RIPE3b1 activator of the insulin gene is composed of a protein s of approximately 43 kDa, whose DNA binding activity is inhibited by protein phosphatase treatment.

Molecular characterization of the rat insulin enhancer-binding complex 3b2. Cloning of a binding factor with putative helicase motifs. MafA is a glucose-regulated and pancreatic beta-cell-specific transcriptional activator for the insulin gene. Members of the large Maf transcription family regulate insulin gene transcription in islet beta cells.

The MafA transcription factor appears to be responsible for tissue-specific expression of insulin. The islet beta cell-enriched MafA activator is a key regulator of insulin gene transcription.

Palmitate inhibits insulin gene expression by altering PDX-1 nuclear localization and reducing MafA expression in isolated rat islets of Langerhans. Oxidative stress-mediated, post-translational loss of MafA protein as a contributing mechanism to loss of insulin gene expression in glucotoxic beta cells.

MafA is a key regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The pancreatic islet-specific glucagon G3 transcription factors recognize control elements in the rat somatostatin and insulin-I genes. Genetic analysis reveals that PAX6 is required for normal transcription of pancreatic hormone genes and islet development.

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Pancreatic beta-cell-type-specific transcription of the insulin gene is mediated by basic helix-loop-helix DNA-binding proteins. Two related helix-loop-helix proteins participate in separate cell-specific complexes that bind the insulin enhancer.

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells. The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase pathway is preferentially activated by interleukin-1 and controls apoptosis in differentiating pancreatic beta-cells. Exendin-4 protects beta-cells from interleukin-1 beta-induced apoptosis by interfering with the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway.

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High glucose and hydrogen peroxide increase c-Myc and haeme-oxygenase 1 mRNA levels in rat pancreatic islets without activating NFkappaB. Mitochondrial catalase overexpression protects insulin-producing cells against toxicity of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines. Does the glucose-dependent insulin secretion mechanism itself cause oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cells?

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